Supporting data sets for "Co-evolving Crustal Maturation and Climate Aridification in NE Pangea Driven by Changing Plate Convergence Patterns"

The consumption of an oceanic plate through subduction at convergent margins fundamentally shapes the stability and evolution of the Earth’s continental crust and geomorphic-climatic system. However, the intimate connections among these deep and surface processes remain unclear. This study reconstructs the correlations between tectonics, magmatism, topography, and climate in the northern North China Craton during the subduction and ultimate closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO), coinciding with the assembly of the Pangea supercontinent. By integrating paleomagnetic and paleoclimate records, we identify a temporal correlation among crustal maturation, plateau uplift, climate aridification, and plate convergence from approximately 350 Ma to 245 Ma. Our results demonstrate that the accelerated PAO subduction since 290 Ma has enhanced juvenile crustal maturation, stabilized the orogenic plateau, and intensified regional aridification. These findings underscore the pivotal role of plate convergence patterns in regulating both deep growth of mature continental crust and surface topography-climate changes.