Venom apparatus and carcasses transcriptome of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae

Identification of venom proteins is the first step in studying their functions. Recently, high-throughput sequencing has made it technically feasible to isolate and identify venom proteins in parasitoids. To date, venom proteins of endoparasitoids are relatively well studied, biology of ectoparasitoids is less well known, particularly their venom repertoires. The transcriptome sequencing provides strong evidence that P. vindemmiae venom proteins are well positioned for future functional study.