A Hypothesized Mangosteen-Anchored Nine-Botanical Formulation with Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Potential: A Literature-Based Rationale and Research Proposal

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic low-grade inflammation, and immune dysregulation share overlapping molecular pathways. This concept paper synthesizes peer-reviewed pharmacological literature on nine botanicals—anchored by mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp xanthones and including maca root, Siberian ginseng, elderberry, raspberry, black currant, sour cherry, Ganoderma lucidum, and Sigru (Moringa oleifera)—and proposes a hypothesis-generating polyherbal nutraceutical formulation for antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-supportive research. Single-ingredient evidence supports a mechanistically coherent, testable rationale for combined activity across three convergent axes: glycemic regulation, inflammatory signaling, and innate/adaptive immune modulation. No pre-clinical or clinical data on the combined formulation are presented; a phased in-vitro → in-vivo → clinical research roadmap is proposed for future validation.