PATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are associated with persistent mucosal injury, immune dysregulation, epithelial changes, and fibrosis. Pathological and immunohistochemical methods are essential for diagnosis and differential evaluation. The aim of this article was to analyze pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. The findings show that lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, epithelial damage, crypt distortion, granulomas, and altered immune marker expression are important diagnostic features. Immunohistochemistry improves identification of inflammatory patterns and helps distinguish chronic inflammatory diseases from infectious and neoplastic conditions.