FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN MAINTAINING ORGANIZATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY UNDER WORKFORCE OPTIMIZATION

The article analyses foreign practice in maintaining the sustainability of organizations during workforce adjustment. Four institutional models are distinguished — internal working-time flexibility, the internal labour market, transition-based employment security and skills-based security — and examined through the experience of Germany, Japan, Sweden and Singapore. Evidence on the scale and effectiveness of job-retention schemes during the 2008–2009 and 2020 crises is summarized: take-up across OECD countries peaked at around 20 per cent of employment in April–May 2020 and fell to 1.3 per cent by late 2021. The models are compared across six criteria, and the conditions under which each becomes transferable are identified. The article concludes with an assessment of which instruments are applicable in Uzbekistan and in what form.