The salivary gland proteome of root-galling grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) feeding on Vitis spp.

Herbivory plant-parasite interactions depend on the delivery of effector molecules by the invading insect species. Sedentary gall forming insects, such as grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH, Phylloxeridae) secrete multiple effectors into host plant tissues that alter host cellular functions to the benefit of the insect. Analyses revealed 420 putative ‘DvEffectors’ were detected in salivary glands, dissected from root-feeding vs. starving D. vitifoliae larvae reared on Teleki 5C (V. berlandieri x V. riparia) under controlled growth conditions (25±3°C, 60% rH) by proteomic mass spectrometry and in-silico secretory prediction. Sixty-two conserved DvEffectors were shared with the aphid species A. pisum, M. persicae and R. padi including candidate effector proteins involved in feeding site establishment, plant defence suppression and nutrient uptake