Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive and irreversible airflow limitation associated with chronic inflammation involving cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Recent studies suggest that HIV-1 infection is an independent risk factor for the development of COPD and lung cancer. We hypothesized that HIV infection and cigarette smoking synergize to alter the f
Exhaled breath condensate(EBC) is now a safe and clinically significant measurement which has a huge potential to measure biomarkers in COPD. Previous studies profiled the pooled EBC samples from COPD
