Program focus at a glance.

1Mainly fish communities. 2Mainly fish populations. Relative focus of the four research programs on each of the elements of biodiversity outlined in Figure 1. Approximate proportion of effort allocated within each program is represented (+ +, strong focus of program; +, lesser focus; 0, not studied). No attempt has been made to scale effort across programs. (Program abbreviations as per Figure 2.) (Biodiversity classification approach developed by Noss [20] and by Cogan and Noji [21].)