Dietary vitamin A modifies the gut microbiota and intestinal tissue transcriptome, impacting intestinal permeability and the release of inflammatory factors, thereby influencing Aβ pathology|维生素A数据集|阿尔茨海默病研究数据集

This study aimed to investigate how dietary vitamin A affects the gut
microbiota and intestinal tissue, influencing intestinal permeability,
inflammatory factors, and Aβ pathology. The APP/PS1-AD mouse model was
used, and mice were fed different vitamin A diets for 12 weeks. The groups
included vitamin A-deficient (VAD), normal vitamin A (VAN), and vitamin
A-supplemented (VAS). No significant changes in food intake and body
weight were observed among the groups. However, the VAD and VAS groups
showed reduced food intake compared to the VAN group at various time
points. In terms of cognitive function, the VAN group performed better in
the Morris Water Maze Test, indicating superior learning and memory
abilities. The VAD and VAS groups exhibited impaired performance, with the
VAS group performing relatively better than the VAD group. Serum vitamin A
concentrations differed significantly among the groups, with the VAS group
having the highest concentration. Aβ levels were significantly higher in
the VAD group compared to both the VAN and VAS groups. Microbial analysis
revealed that the VAS and VAN groups had higher microbial diversity than
the VAD group, with specific taxa characterizing each group. The VAN group
was characterized by taxa such as Actinohacteriota and
Desulfovibrionaceae, while the VAD group was characterized by
Parabacteroides and Tannerellaceae. The VAS group showed similarities with
both VAN and VAD groups, with taxa like Desulfobacterota and
Desulfovibrionaceae being present. The VAD vs. VAS, VAD vs. VAN,
and VAS vs. VAN comparisons identified 571, 313, and 243 differentially
expressed genes, respectively, which associated with cellular and
metabolic processes, and pathway analysis revealed enrichment in pathways
related to chemical carcinogenesis, drug metabolism, glutathione
metabolism, and immune-related processes. The VAD group exhibited higher
levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,
IL-1β, IL-6) compared to the VAN and VAS groups. In conclusion, dietary
vitamin A modulates the gut microbiota, intestinal permeability,
inflammatory factors, and Aβ protein formation, providing insights into AD
and potential therapeutic avenues for further investigation.