Supplementary information files for The impacts of sport emissions on climate: Measurement, mitigation, and making a difference

Supplementary files for article The impacts of sport emissions on climate: Measurement, mitigation, and making a difference

As a global industry, sport makes potentially significant contributions to climate change through both carbon emissions and influence over sustainability practices. Yet, evidence regarding impacts is uneven and spread across many disciplines. This paper investigates the impacts of sport emissions on climate and identifies knowledge gaps. We undertook a systematic and iterative meta-analysis of relevant literature (1992–2022) on organized and individual sports. Using a defined search protocol, 116 sources were identified that map to four sport-related themes: (1) carbon emissions and their measurement; (2) emissions control and decarbonization; (3) carbon sinks and offsets; and (4) behavior change. We find that mega sport events, elite sport, soccer, skiing, and golf have received most attention, whereas grass-roots and women's sport, activity in Africa and South America, cricket, tennis, and volleyball are understudied. Other knowledge gaps include carbon accounting tools and indicators for smaller sports clubs and active participants; cobenefits and tradeoffs between mitigation-adaptation efforts in sport, such as around logistics, venues, sports equipment, and facilities; geopolitical influence; and scope for climate change litigation against hosts and/or sponsors of carbon-intensive events. Among these, researchers should target cobenefits given their scope to deliver wins for both climate mitigation and risk management of sport.

附加文件：关于体育碳排放对气候影响的研究：测量、缓解与产生实际效果
作为一项全球性行业，体育通过碳排放以及对可持续性实践的影响，对气候变化可能产生显著贡献。然而，关于其影响的证据分布不均，横跨多个学科领域。本研究旨在探讨体育碳排放对气候的影响，并识别知识空白。我们通过对1992年至2022年间有关组织和个体运动的文献进行了系统且迭代的元分析。采用既定的搜索方案，我们确定了116个来源，这些来源对应于四个与体育相关的主题：（1）碳排放及其测量；（2）排放控制和去碳化；（3）碳汇和抵消；（4）行为改变。我们发现，大型体育赛事、精英体育、足球、滑雪和高尔夫受到了最多的关注，而草根和女子体育、非洲和南美洲的运动、板球、网球和排球则研究不足。其他知识空白包括针对较小体育俱乐部和活跃参与者的碳核算工具和指标；在体育领域，如物流、场馆、体育设备和设施等方面的缓解-适应努力的协同效应和权衡；地缘政治影响；以及针对碳密集型事件的主办方和/或赞助商的气候变化诉讼空间。在这些方面，鉴于其能在气候缓解和体育风险管理方面取得双赢，研究人员应将重点放在协同效应上。