Associations by Framingham risk score and cardiovascular risk factors with chronic low back pain in Koreans aged 20 to 89 yearsa.

Logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).aIndicates subjects with no history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. Diagnosis was made when patients met international standards or were already on medications for associated diseases.bHigh indicates the uppermost quintile of the highest, middle 2nd and 3rd quintiles and lowest two quintiles.cAdjusted for age, education, household income, occupation, BMI, alcohol drinking and exercise habits.