Demographic and Health Survey 2010 - Armenia

Abstract
---------------------------

The 2010 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (2010 ADHS) is the third in a series of nationally representative sample surveys designed to provide information on population and health issues. It is conducted in Armenia under the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys program. Specifically, the 2010 ADHS has a primary objective of providing current and reliable information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of young children, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, and awareness and behavior regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from women of reproductive age and, for certain topics, from men as well.

The 2010 ADHS results are intended to provide information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies to improve health of and health services for the people of Armenia. Data are presented by region (marz) wherever sample size permits. The information collected in the 2010 ADHS will provide updated estimates of basic demographic and health indicators covered in the 2000 and 2005 surveys.

The long-term objective of the survey includes strengthening the technical capacity of major government institutions, including the NSS. The 2010 ADHS also provides comparable data for longterm trend analysis in Armenia because the 2000, 2005, and 2010 surveys were implemented by the same organisation and used similar data collection procedures. It also adds to the international database of demographic and health–related information for research purposes.

The 2010 ADHS was conducted by the National Statistical Service (NSS) and the MOH of Armenia from October 5 through December 25, 2010.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

The sample was designed to permit detailed analysis-including the estimation of rates of fertility, infant/child mortality, and abortion-at the national level, for Yerevan, and for total urban and total rural areas separately. Many indicators can also be estimated at the regional (marz) level.

A representative probability sample of 7,580 households was selected for the 2010 ADHS sample. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, 308 clusters were selected from a list of enumeration areas in a subsample of a master sample derived from the 2001 Population Census frame. In the second stage, a complete listing of households was carried out in each selected cluster. Households were then systematically selected for participation in the survey.

All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the households in the 2010 ADHS sample or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. Interviews were completed with 5,922 women. In addition, in a subsample of one-third of all of the households selected for the survey, all men age 15-49 were eligible to be interviewed if they were either permanent residents or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey. Interviews were completed with 1,584 men.

Appendix A of the Final Report provides additional information on the sample design of the 2010 Armenia DHS.

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
---------------------------

Three questionnaires were used in the ADHS: a Household Questionnaire, a Woman’s Questionnaire, and a Man’s Questionnaire. The Household Questionnaire and the individual questionnaires were based on model survey instruments developed in the MEASURE DHS program and questionnaires used in the previous 2005 ADHS. The model questionnaires were adapted for use by NSS and MOH. Suggestions were also sought from a number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Armenian. They were pretested in July 2010.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information on the socioeconomic status of the household. The first part of the Household Questionnaire collected for each household member or visitor information on their age, sex, educational attainment, and relationship to the head of household. This information provided basic demographic data for Armenian households. It also was used to identify the women and men who were eligible for an individual interview (i.e., women and men age 15-49). In the second part of the Household Questionnaire, there were questions on housing characteristics (e.g., the flooring material, the source of water, and the type of toilet facilities), on ownership of a variety of consumer goods, and on other aspects of the socioeconomic status of the household. In addition, the Household Questionnaire was used to obtain information on each child’s birth registration, ask questions about child discipline and child labor, and record height and weight measurements of children under age 5.

The Woman’s Questionnaire obtained information from women age 15-49 on the following topics:
- Background characteristics
- Pregnancy history
- Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
- Knowledge, attitudes, and use of contraception
- Reproductive and adult health
- Childhood mortality
- Health and health care utilization
- Vaccinations of children under age 5
- Episodes of diarrhea and respiratory illness of children under age 5
- Breastfeeding and weaning practices
- Marriage and recent sexual activity
- Fertility preferences
- Knowledge of and attitudes toward AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases
- Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics

The Man’s Questionnaire, administered to men age 15-49, focused on the following topics:
- Background characteristics
- Health and health care utilization
- Marriage and recent sexual activity
- Attitudes toward and use of condoms
- Knowledge of and attitudes toward AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases
- Attitudes toward women’s status

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

Data Processing

The processing of the ADHS results began shortly after fieldwork commenced. Completed questionnaires were returned regularly from the field to NSS headquarters in Yerevan, where they were entered and edited by data processing personnel who were specially trained for this task. The data processing personnel included a supervisor, a questionnaire administrator (who ensured that the expected number of questionnaires from all clusters was received), several office editors, 12 data entry operators, and a secondary editor. The concurrent processing of the data was an advantage because the senior DHS technical staff were able to advise field teams of problems detected during the data entry. In particular, tables were generated to check various data quality parameters. As a result, specific feedback was given to the teams to improve performance. The data entry and editing phase of the survey was completed in March 2011.

Response rate
---------------------------

A total of 7,580 households were selected in the sample, of which 7,043 were occupied at the time of the fieldwork. The main reason for the difference is that some of the dwelling units that were occupied during the household listing operation were either vacant or the household was away for an extended period at the time of interviewing. The number of occupied households successfully interviewed was 6,700, yielding a household response rate of 95 percent. The household response rate in urban areas (94 percent) was slightly lower than in rural areas (97 percent).

In these households, a total of 6,059 eligible women were identified; interviews were completed with 5,922 of these women, yielding a response rate of 98 percent. In one-third of the households, a total of 1,641 eligible men were identified, and interviews were completed with 1,584 of these men, yielding a response rate of 97 percent. Response rates are slightly lower in urban areas (97 percent for women and 96 percent for men) than in rural areas where rates were 99 and 97 percent, respectively.

Sampling error estimates
---------------------------

Detailed information on sampling errors is provided in Appendix B of the Final Report.

摘要
---------------------------
2010年亚美尼亚人口与健康调查（2010 ADHS）是该系列国家代表性样本调查中的第三项，旨在提供有关人口与健康问题的信息。该调查在亚美尼亚全球人口与健康调查计划下进行。具体而言，2010 ADHS的主要目标是提供有关生育水平、婚姻、性行为、生育偏好、计划生育方法的认知和使用、母乳喂养实践、幼儿营养状况、儿童死亡率、母婴健康以及有关艾滋病和其他性传播感染（STIs）的认知和行为等方面的当前和可靠信息。调查从育龄妇女以及某些主题中，从男性那里获得了这些问题的详细信息。
2010 ADHS的结果旨在提供所需信息，以评估现有社会项目并设计旨在改善亚美尼亚人民健康和医疗服务的新战略。在样本量允许的情况下，数据按地区（marz）进行呈现。2010 ADHS收集的信息将为2000年和2005年调查中涵盖的基本人口与健康指标提供更新估计。
调查的长期目标包括加强包括国家统计服务局（NSS）在内的主要政府机构的技术能力。2010 ADHS还提供了亚美尼亚长期趋势分析的可比数据，因为2000年、2005年和2010年的调查由同一组织实施，并使用了类似的数据收集程序。它还丰富了用于研究目的的国际人口与健康相关信息数据库。
2010 ADHS由亚美尼亚国家统计服务局（NSS）和亚美尼亚卫生部门（MOH）于2010年10月5日至12月25日进行。
数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据
抽样程序
---------------------------
样本设计旨在允许对全国、埃里温以及总城市和总农村地区分别进行详细分析，包括生育率、婴儿/儿童死亡率和堕胎率的估计。许多指标也可以在地区（marz）级别进行估计。
为2010 ADHS样本选择了7,580个家庭的代表性概率样本。样本分为两个阶段进行选择。在第一阶段，从2001年人口普查框架中提取的母样本的一个子样本中选取的枚举区域列表中选择了308个聚类。在第二阶段，在每个选定的聚类中进行了家庭完整列表的编制。然后，家庭被系统地选定参与调查。
在2010 ADHS样本的家庭中，所有15-49岁的女性，无论是家庭的永久居民还是调查前夜在家庭中出现的访客，都有资格接受访谈。完成了5,922名女性的访谈。此外，在为调查选择的全部家庭的三分之一子样本中，如果15-49岁的男性是家庭的永久居民或调查前夜在家庭中出现的访客，则有资格接受访谈。完成了1,584名男性的访谈。
最终报告的附录A提供了有关2010年亚美尼亚DHS样本设计的更多信息。
数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
---------------------------
在ADHS中使用了三个问卷：家庭问卷、女性问卷和男性问卷。家庭问卷和个体问卷基于MEASURE DHS计划开发的模型调查工具和之前2005 ADHS中使用的问卷。模型问卷由NSS和MOH进行改编以供使用。还征求了若干非政府组织（NGO）的建议。问卷用英语开发并翻译成亚美尼亚语。它们于2010年7月进行预测试。
家庭问卷用于列出选定家庭的全部常驻成员和访客，并收集有关家庭社会经济状况的信息。家庭问卷的第一部分收集了每个家庭成员或访客的年龄、性别、教育程度和与家庭首脑的关系等信息，为亚美尼亚家庭提供了基本的人口统计数据。这些信息还用于确定有资格接受个人访谈的男性和女性（即15-49岁的男性和女性）。家庭问卷的第二部分包括有关住房特征（例如，地板材料、水源和卫生设施类型）、各种消费品的所有权和家庭社会经济状况的其他方面的提问。此外，家庭问卷还用于获取每个孩子的出生登记信息、询问有关儿童纪律和童工的问题，并记录5岁以下儿童的身高和体重测量数据。
女性问卷从15-49岁的女性那里获得了以下主题的信息：
- 背景
- 怀孕史
- 产前、分娩和产后护理
- 认知、态度和避孕药具的使用
- 生殖和成人健康
- 儿童死亡率
- 健康和医疗保健利用
- 5岁以下儿童的疫苗接种
- 5岁以下儿童腹泻和呼吸道疾病发作
- 母乳喂养和断奶实践
- 婚姻和近期性行为
- 生育偏好
- 对艾滋病和其他性传播疾病的认知和态度
- 女性的工作和丈夫的背景特征
男性问卷针对15-49岁的男性，重点关注以下主题：
- 背景
- 健康和医疗保健利用
- 婚姻和近期性行为
- 对避孕套的态度和使用
- 对艾滋病和其他性传播疾病的认知和态度
- 对女性地位的态度
数据清洗操作
---------------------------
数据处理