Shared Molecular Mechanisms of Common Differentially Expressed Genes (C-DEGs) Linking Gallbladder Stones to Carcinogenesis: Integrated Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation

Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation, this study revealed common molecular mechanisms between GBS and GBC. We identified and validated 10 hub genes that exhibited significant differential expression in both conditions and were primarily involved in multiple cancer-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, we identified four transcription factors (E2F1, ETS2, EZH2, and MYC) showing differential co-expression in both GBS and GBC, which jointly regulated two hub genes (CDKN1A and MYC). These findings illuminate shared molecular mechanisms between GBS and GBC, providing novel insights for further investigation of their molecular pathological mechanisms and establishing an important theoretical foundation for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.