Monthly near-surface air temperatures over Arctic sea ice based on satellite observations

Monthly gap-free (i.e. Level 4) near-surface air temperatures (T2m) over Arctic sea ice based on satellite observations. The dataset is provided on a 0.05 regular latitude/longitude grid and covers the period 198201-202105. The T2m are derived from the sea and sea-ice surface temperature climate data record presented in Nielsen-Englyst et al. 2023, using the relationship model derived in Nielsen-Englyst et al., 2021. It also includes a multi-source sea ice concentration product (also described in Nielsen-Englyst et al., 2023), which has been used to evaluate the capability of the DMI sea ice operational forecast system in Ponsoni et al., 2023. In Tian et al., 2024, the monthly mean T2m data has been converted to a 1-degree grid and used as a benchmark for assessing near-surface air temperatures from the ERA5 reanalysis and the CMIP6 model simulations. Nielsen-Englyst, P., Høyer, J. L., Kolbe, W. M., Dybkjær, G., Lavergne, T., Tonboe, R. T., Skarpalezos, S., & Karagali, I. (2023). A combined sea and sea-ice surface temperature climate dataset of the arctic, 1982–2021. Remote Sensing of Environment, 284, 113331. Nielsen-Englyst, P., Høyer, J. L., Madsen, K. S., Tonboe, R. T., Dybkjær, G., & Skarpalezos, S. (2021). Deriving arctic 2 m air temperatures over snow and ice from satellite surface temperature measurements. The Cryosphere, 15(7), 3035–3057. Ponsoni, L., Ribergaard, M. H., Nielsen-Englyst, P., Wulf, T., Buus-Hinkler, J., Kreiner,M. B., & Rasmussen, T. A. S. (2023). Greenlandic sea ice products with a focus on an updated operational forecast system. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 979782. Tian, T., Yang, S., Høyer, J. L., Nielsen-Englyst, P., & Singha, S (2024). Cooler Arctic surface temperatures simulated by climate models are closer to satellite-based data than the ERA5 reanalysis. Commun. Earth Environ., 5, 111.