Initiation Mechanism and Dynamical Propagation-depositional Behavior of Rock-Ice Avalanche

Rock-ice avalanches (RIAs) are high-hazard potential, highly destructive, and often unpredictable extreme geological hazards in high-latitude glacial regions, with their propagation involving multiphase medium interactions. Our work integrates engineering geological surveys, laboratory mechanical strength tests, physical model experiments, numerical simulations using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and theoretical analysis to investigate the initiation, propagation, and deposition mechanisms of RIAs. The research aims to contribute to the refinement of future research frameworks for RIA dynamics and the development of effective disaster risk management systems.