Impacts of Winter Plastic Greenhouse Sealing on Soil Fauna Communities and Their Vertical Ecological Differentiation

Against this backdrop, we investigated a winter grape greenhouse in Ningbo, integrating management status (Before greenhouse closure vs. Under greenhouse closure), soil depth (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm), and key environmental variables to systematically evaluate closure effects on soil-faunal communities. Specifically, we addressed three questions: (i) does greenhouse closure significantly alter the diversity and composition of soil-faunal communities in winter protected cultivation? (ii) do soil-faunal responses to greenhouse closure differ among soil layers? and (iii) through which environmental pathways does closure influence compositional differences between the two stages, and are the drivers of community differentiation depth-dependent?