Data from: Discovery of a critical time point in the development and handling of an orchard pollinator, the blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria, Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

A native solitary bee to North America, the blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria Say, Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) is a crucial pollinator for orchard crops such as apples, almonds, and cherries. Osmia lignaria is often managed commercially and sold to complement honey bee pollination services.We collected data following an accidental drop of developing immature bees inside their cocoons. These bees were part of a larger experiment performed in 2020. On June 17, 2020, bees were dropped approximately one meter onto a linoleum floor at the USDA-ARS-PWA Pollinating Insect Research Unit in Logan, Utah, USA. Developing bees were in gelatin capsules and attached to a sticky board for X-ray imaging. Using a board from the same study that had not fallen, we compared survival, life stages, and bodily injuries to document the effects of dropping immature O. lignaria a short distance.Our research highlights the risks of handling immature O. lignaria during metamorphosis. Our data provides valuable information for bee managers and researchers about the risks of physical disturbances during critical developmental stages, which could affect bee survival and pollination services in orchards.Key findings include: (1) Near-complete mortality of developing bees before the adult molt stage, (2) Insights into the vulnerability of O. lignaria during immature developmental stages, even when inside cocoons, and (3) Documentation of how mechanical injury during immature development impacts survival.The dataset provides counts of bees in different life stages and conditions, including: (1) Life status (alive or dead) at cocoon completion, pupation, and adult molt stages, (2) Sex determination for bees that reached adulthood (male or female), (3) Final life stage reached (prepupa, pupa, or adult), and (4) Body condition after the fall (malformed, melanized, no observable change, or partially melanized).Additional variables in the dataset include: (1) Sample identifiers, treatment groups, and X-ray board identifiers from the original experiment and (2) Whether the board was dropped or not.Abbreviations and acronyms in the datasetSample_ID = sample identifier (one for each individual bee)Treatment = treatment groups from the original experimentCONTROL = received a sham treatment (sterilized Ringer's Solution)VIRUS = received a virus inoculate (virus particles in Ringer's Solution)OSS10 = received organosilicon (OSS) at 10 parts per million (ppm) (diluted in Ringer's Solution)OSS100 = received OSS at 100 ppm (diluted in Ringer's Solution)OSS10V = received a virus inoculate and OSS at 10 ppmOSS100V = received a virus inoculate and OSS at 100 ppmXray_board = sticky board identifier, which stick board were samples attached to from the original experimentLifeCategory_Cocoon = life status at the time of cocoon completionLifeCategory_Pupa = life status at the time of pupationLifeCategory_Adult = life status at the time of the adult moltSex = sex determined for bees that reached the adult stageOrg_Stage = final life stage reached by beesBody_Category = body condition determined after samples were droppedBoard_Drop = whether the samples analyzed were from dropped vs. not dropped sticky boards

北美原生独居蜂——蓝果园蜂（Osmia lignaria Say，膜翅目：蜜蜂科）是苹果、杏仁和樱桃等果园作物的重要传粉者。Osmia lignaria常被商业化管理，并被出售以补充蜜蜂蜜蜂的传粉服务。本研究在2020年进行的一项更大规模实验中，偶然捕捉到在其茧内发育不完全的蜜蜂。这些蜜蜂是实验的一部分。2020年6月17日，在犹他州洛根的美国农业部-ARS-PWA传粉昆虫研究单位，将蜜蜂大约一米高的高度投入亚麻地板上。发育中的蜜蜂被放置在明胶胶囊中，并附着在粘性板上以进行X射线成像。利用未坠落的同一研究板，我们比较了存活率、发育阶段和身体损伤，以记录短距离坠落对未成熟O. lignaria的影响。本研究强调了在变态过程中处理未成熟O. lignaria的风险。我们的数据为蜜蜂管理者和研究人员提供了关于在关键发育阶段遭受物理干扰风险的宝贵信息，这些干扰可能会影响蜜蜂的存活和果园的传粉服务。主要发现包括：（1）在成虫蜕皮阶段之前，发育中的蜜蜂几乎全部死亡；（2）揭示了即使在其茧内，O. lignaria在未成熟发育阶段仍具有脆弱性；（3）记录了在未成熟发育期间机械损伤对存活的影响。数据集提供了不同生命阶段和条件下的蜜蜂数量，包括：（1）茧完成、化蛹和成虫蜕皮阶段的存活状态（存活或死亡）；（2）达到成年的蜜蜂的性别确定（雄性或雌性）；（3）最终达到的生命阶段（预蛹、蛹或成虫）；以及（4）坠落后的身体状况（畸形、黑色素沉着、无明显变化或部分黑色素沉着）。数据集中的其他变量包括：（1）样本标识符、处理组和X射线板标识符来自原始实验；（2）板是否坠落。数据集中的缩写和首字母缩略词：Sample_ID = 样本标识符（每个个体蜜蜂一个）；Treatment = 原始实验中的处理组；CONTROL = 接受安慰剂治疗（无菌林格氏溶液）；VIRUS = 接受病毒接种（林格氏溶液中的病毒颗粒）；OSS10 = 接受10ppm的有机硅（OSS）（稀释在林格氏溶液中）；OSS100 = 接受100ppm的OSS（稀释在林格氏溶液中）；OSS10V = 接受病毒接种和10ppm的OSS；OSS100V = 接受病毒接种和100ppm的OSS；Xray_board = 粘性板标识符，原始实验中样本附着的粘性板；LifeCategory_Cocoon = 茧完成时的生命状态；LifeCategory_Pupa = 化蛹时的生命状态；LifeCategory_Adult = 成虫蜕皮时的生命状态；Sex = 达到成虫阶段的蜜蜂的性别；Org_Stage = 蜜蜂最终达到的生命阶段；Body_Category = 样本坠落后的身体状况；Board_Drop = 分析的样本是否来自坠落的或未坠落的粘性板。