Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes in patients with diabetic nephropathy coexisting idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a retrospective observational study

Diabetic nephropathy frequently coexists with membranous nephropathy (MN), yet their combined clinical characteristics and prognosis remain poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed 276 patients with biopsy-confirmed kidney disease from 2015 to 2023, including 34 patients with diabetic nephropathy and MN (DN-MN), 44 diabetes mellitus combined with MN (DM-MN), and 198 MN patients. Clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, treatment regimens, and outcomes were compared among the three groups, and a nomogram to predict renal complete remission (CR) was constructed. At baseline, patients with DN-MN had worse renal function than the other groups. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 68.2 (41.7–104.8) mL/min/1.73 m2 in the DN-MN group, compared with 100.3 (91.4–112.1) mL/min/1.73 m2 in the DM-MN group and 101.4 (89.2–113.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in the MN group (p