Serum lutein and β-carotene concentrations.

The concentrations of serum lutein and β-carotene in response to exercise and oral feeding at day 63. Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way and three-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). A p-value <0.05 among the eight groups by the Tukey–Kramer test was deemed to indicate statistical significance. Different letters indicate significant differences among the eight groups according to exercise condition.