Cytomegalovirus infection and associated hospitalization and costs among individuals undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

<b>Objective:</b> This study utilized a large, national US database to explore the impact of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on hospital services utilization and costs during the first 100 days following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective, observational cohort study used data from the Premier Healthcare database to identify patients undergoing their first (index) allo-HSCT procedure between 1 January 2006 and 31 March 2015. Three subgroups were analyzed according to CMV-related readmissions during the 100-day follow-up (0, 1, or 2+ readmissions) to compare healthcare utilization and costs. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1610 patients (mean age, 50.5 years; 56.9% male) from 52 US hospitals met the inclusion criteria. During follow-up, 212 (13.2%) patients had 1 (<i>n</i> = 161; 10.0%) or 2+ (<i>n</i> = 51; 3.2%) CMV-related readmissions. The mean ± SD number of all follow-up encounters (inpatient admissions and hospital-based outpatient visits) was similar for the no CMV (3.9 ± 3.9), 1 CMV (3.7 ± 3.9), and 2+ CMV (4.5 ± 3.8) readmission groups (<i>p</i> = .439). Mean total costs of hospital-based healthcare encounters (inpatient admissions and hospital-based outpatient visits) during follow-up were significantly greater in patients who had a CMV readmission ($111,729 [1 CMV readmission]; $184,021 [2+ CMV readmissions]) compared to those without a CMV readmission ($46,064; <i>p</i> p <b>Conclusions:</b> This large, national database study revealed significantly higher healthcare utilization and costs, as well as mortality, among patients with CMV-related re-hospitalization during the first 100 days post-transplant as compared to patients without CMV-related hospitalization.