V2V anonymous authentication and key agreement scheme based on measurement-device-independence

V2V communication technology enables vehicles to share important information such as location and speed in real time, which plays a significant role in improving traffic efficiency, optimizing energy use and planning the best routes. However, with the continuous increase of vehicle users, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication in the Internet of Vehicles is facing the escalating security and privacy challenges. To address this issue, this paper designs a V2V linear quantum network structure and proposes an anonymous authentication and key agreement scheme based on measurement-device-independence (MDI) by taking advantage of the entanglement characteristics of Bell states. The scheme comprises three key stages: participant registration, the identity anonymity authentication of each participant in the communication path, and end-to-end key agreement. The scheme combines MDI quantum technology with the dynamic pseudonym mechanism, eliminating the security flaws brought by the measurement equipment while ensuring identity. It designs a quantum random number dynamic key generation method based on XOR, ensuring the forward security and anti-cracking ability of the session key theoretical analysis confirms the scheme resists attacks like entanglement measurement and interception-measurement-replay, satisfying strict requirements for perfect forward/backward secrecy and strong anonymity. Finally, we designed quantum circuits on the IBM quantum simulation platform to verify the correctness and feasibility of the scheme.