Data underlying the publication: Analogies of graphene oxide synthesized from low-ranked leonardite coal extracted bio-carbon humic acid with conventional graphene oxide

This study investigates humic acid [HA] derived from low ranked leonardite coal [LC] as an eco-friendly carbon precursor for graphene oxide synthesis, replacing conventional graphite with the modified Hummer’s method. The objective is to assess the physicochemical properties of leonardite humic acid [LHA]-derived graphene oxide compared to commercially available graphene oxide [CGO]. A comprehensive set of analytical techniques, including XPS, XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM, and TGA have been taken to characterize the above systematically. GO synthesized from leonardite humic acid shows structural and morphological similarities to conventional graphite oxide, including thin sheets, surface wrinkles, and defects. Both materials consist of carbon sheets with oxygen-containing functional groups, such as epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Analysis confirms the successful transformation of LHA into GO, revealing a highly ordered, graphene-like carbon structure. This method emphasizes environmental benefits by turning waste into wealth, reducing resource extraction, and minimizing ecological impact.<br>

本研究以低阶褐煤（leonardite coal, LC）衍生的腐殖酸（humic acid, HA）作为环保型碳前驱体，采用改进的Hummers法合成氧化石墨烯，以替代传统石墨原料。本研究旨在对比低阶褐煤腐殖酸（leonardite humic acid, LHA）衍生氧化石墨烯与商用氧化石墨烯（commercially available graphene oxide, CGO）的理化性质。研究采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及热重分析（TGA）等多种分析表征手段对两种样品进行系统表征。由低阶褐煤腐殖酸合成的氧化石墨烯与传统石墨氧化产物在结构与形貌上高度相似，均呈现超薄片层、表面褶皱及缺陷结构。两种材料均为带有环氧基、羟基与羧基等含氧官能团的碳片层结构。分析结果证实低阶褐煤腐殖酸可成功转化为氧化石墨烯，产物具备高度有序的类石墨烯碳结构。该合成方法通过变废为宝、减少资源开采并降低生态影响，凸显了显著的环境友好优势。