Estimated runtimes of mobile nodes for 2 battery capacities of 12 or 22 mAh inferred by an energy model for mobile-node runtime.

Although the model comprises 7 energy consuming tasks, the shown runtimes are based only on varying beacon intervals of mobile nodes and localization time (i.e., animal is within the localization grid). For mobile node beacon intervals, 2 operation modes are possible, depending on whether an animal is within reception range of a ground node (inactive mode) or not (active mode).