Millennial-scale Asian monsoon variability during MIS 9 revealed by a high-resolution stalagmite δ18O record in Luoshui Cave, central China

A new high-resolution oxygen records from Chinese cave as well as a composited MIS9 Asian monsoon record. A 67-yr-resolution δ18O profile of a 230Th-dated stalagmite from Luoshui Cave, central China, is presented to refine the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) history from 336 to 290 kyr BP. The sub-stages of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9) are clearly reflected in the Luoshui δ18O record, in line with changes in the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (NHSI).