<em>Cybianthus anthuriophyllus</em> (Primulaceae), a new record for the flora of Colombia: Distribution modeling and conservation assessment

Cybianthus anthuriophyllus (Primulaceae) was previously known from eastern Ecuador and northern Peru. Here we document the first confirmed occurrences of this species in Colombia and develop a distribution model based on collections from the Andean–Amazonian foothill of Caquetá, Cauca, and Putumayo departments, in order to clarify its conservation. Specifically, to refine its potential distribution and inform conservation efforts, we developed a species distribution model (SDM) using MaxEnt and assessed its extinction risk following IUCN Red List Criteria. The model identified high suitability in the northwestern Amazon, particularly along the Andean foothill, and response curves indicated that annual precipitation and isothermality were the primary predictors of habitat suitability. The species qualifies as Endangered (EN B2ab(iii)) due to its limited area of occupancy, few known locations, and ongoing habitat loss. These findings extend the distribution known range of Cybianthus anthu..., Occurrence data collection During botanical explorations in the municipalities of Florencia (Caquetá department), Piamonte (Cauca department), and Villagarzón (Putumayo department) from Colombia, we recorded the presence of Cybianthus anthuriophyllus. Phenological observations were noted in the field with the support of a local collaborator (see Acknowledgements). To compile the full known distribution of the species, we reviewed the original protologue (Pipoly 1998), consulted specimens housed at COL, CUVC, HEAA, HUA, HUAZ, LAMUA, and UIS (following Thiers 2023), and gathered georeferenced records from the Tropicos database (www.tropicos.org) and GBIF (2026). After removing duplicate entries, records without specimens’ images available before 2023, and records with geographic uncertainty, we retained a set of 14 presence points used for subsequent analyses (S1). Species distribution modeling (SDM) We estimated the potential distribution of Cybianthus anthuriophyllus using the MaxEnt al..., # Data from: *Cybianthus anthuriophyllus* (Primulaceae), a new record for the flora of Colombia: Distribution modeling and conservation assessment Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjk6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjk6) ## Description of the data and file structure This dataset includes all input data used for the Species Distribution Model (SDM) analyses. It contains occurrence records in CSV format compatible with MaxEnt, a shapefile of Napo Province sensu Morrone (2014) biogeography classification, and the climatic variables obtained from the WorldClim database ([www.worldclim.org](http://www.worldclim.org/)), which were clipped using the shapefile of area M as a spatial mask. Additionally, we provide MaxEnt output files from model runs used during the training phase, as well as all output files from the final model. Finally, we include a folder containing the input and output files for each iteration of the jackknife leave-one-out method of Pearson et al. (2007) with the..., ,