jeb223743_DataSet.xlsx

Kinematics data were collected using high speed videography with light video (ankle &amp; MTP joints) and X-ray (hip &amp; knee) in mallard ducks taking off from terrestrial and aquatic substrates. Timing was normalized to the duration of the takeoff power stroke (see methods for detail), interpolated to 100 steps, and averaged across individuals. Reported are averages and s.e.m. <br>Muscle data were collected from the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) using electromyography (EMG), sonomicrometry (fascicle strain, fascicle velocity, pennation angle), and a tendon buckle (force/stress). Data were smoothed and time was normalized to proportion of power stroke (see methods for detail). Values were averaged across individuals. Reported are averages and s.e.m.