Generative, Adaptive, and Human-Centered AI: Mapping Indonesian-Affiliated Research on Educational Innovation

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a major driver of educational innovation, yet the recent development of Indonesian-affiliated scholarship remains insufficiently consolidated. This study maps the scientific growth, conceptual structure, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution of AI-driven educational innovation research involving Indonesian-affiliated authors. Bibliographic data were retrieved from Scopus on September 30, 2026, using a predefined TITLE-ABS-KEY search and database filters. After metadata cleaning, 136 journal articles published between 2022 and 2026 were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The results reveal a rapid annual growth rate of 109.69%, involving 659 authors across 96 publication sources, with 37.50% international co-authorship. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies four major thematic clusters: Human-Centered Pedagogy and Responsible Educational Innovation; AI Adoption and Emerging Educational Technologies; Generative AI and Higher-Education Transformation; and Adaptive and Data-Driven Learning Systems. Temporal overlay analysis indicates parallel thematic expansion from earlier technology- and adoption-oriented topics toward generative AI, pedagogical innovation, adaptive learning, learning analytics, personalized learning, and AI literacy. The findings show that Indonesian-affiliated AI-education research is developing through overlapping technological, pedagogical, adaptive, and human-centered trajectories rather than a simple sequential replacement of earlier AI applications.