Deciphering the cryoprotective symphony: antifreeze proteins modulate lipid-energy reprogramming during the cold adaptation of Haemaphysalis longicornis

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) can modulate the cryoprotection in arthropods, yet their regulatory roles in tick cold adaptation remain enigmatic. In this study, the function of antifreeze proteins of Haemaphysalis longicornis under low-temperature stress was studied by transcriptome sequencing.