TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS AND DIABETES MELLITUS

Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity represents a significant global health challenge. Diabetes increases the risk of developing active TB, worsens disease progression, delays sputum conversion, and negatively affects treatment outcomes. This study aims to evaluate treatment effectiveness in patients with TB-DM comorbidity based on current international evidence. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10.7 million people developed TB in 2024, with 1.23 million deaths. Additionally, around 0.93 million incident TB cases were attributable to diabetes. The global burden of diabetes is also increasing, with 589 million adults affected worldwide in 2025 according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Recent meta-analyses demonstrate that optimal glycemic control is associated with improved TB treatment outcomes, reduced sputum positivity, and fewer cavitary lesions. However, high-quality randomized evidence remains limited. Integrated screening, regular glycemic monitoring, and combined management strategies are essential to improve therapeutic effectiveness in TB-DM patients.