Transcriptomic analysis reveals the endocrine toxicity of tributyltin and triphenyltin on the whelk Reishia clavigera and mechanisms of imposex formation

Organotin compounds (OTs) are endocrine disruptors that induce imposex in hundreds of gastropods, but little is known about their underlying molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the endocrine toxicity and molecular responses to tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) exposure in the whelk Reishia clavigera, which often serves as a biomonitor for OT contamination.