The Brazil current cyclonic meandering and shelf-slope water exchanges at 27°S–31°S Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

The Brazil Current (BC) experiences intense mesoscale activity from its origin on the northeastern Brazilian coast till it reaches the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence. The BC meandering behavior near the Cape Santa Marta (27°S – 31°S), has not been well described in the literature. In this study, in situ observations and satellite images are used to describe the BC meanders and cyclonic eddies near the cape. The results obtained from two Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (LADCP) sections show that these structures are surface intensified but extend through the whole water column. Conductivity Temperature and Depth (CTD) profiles show evidence of coastal water trapping inside an eddy. Altimeter data show two hot spots of cyclones, one at 28.5°S and the other at 30.5°S, with an average of ∼5 and 7 eddies per year, respectively. The eddies generated on both sites have a mean lifetime of 37 days, and no significant differences were found between their surface properties. Satellite images of chlorophyll show that coastal water horizontal advection is a recurrent phenomenon in these eddies, imprinting an eddy stirring signal into their average composites. Furthermore, using Empirical Orthogonal Functions to analyze the BC flow in a mooring line, we observed that the mesoscales meanders are responsible for explaining at least 1/3 of the flow variability in this area.