Supplement material from: Plasma levels of triglycerides and IL6 are associated with weight regain and fat mass expansion

Background/Objective: Long-term weight loss (WL) maintenance is
the biggest challenge for overweight and obesity due to the almost
unavoidable phenomenon of partial or even total weight regain (WR) after
WL. In the current study we investigated the relations of (the changes of)
adipocyte size and other risk biomarkers with WR during the follow up of
the Yoyo dietary intervention. Design: In this randomized controlled
study, 48 overweight/obese participants underwent a (very) low calorie
diet to lose weight, followed by a weight stable period of 4 weeks and a
follow-up period of 9 months. Anthropometric measurements, adipocyte
volume of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and plasma
metabolic parameters (FFA, TG, total cholesterol, glucose, insulin,
HOMA-IR, IL6, ACE activity, RBP4) at the beginning and the end of the
follow-up were analyzed. Results: Our results show that changes
of TG, IL6, HOMA-IR and ACE are significantly
positively correlated with WR. Multiple
linear regression analysis shows that only the changes
of TG and IL6 remained significantly correlated with WR and increased body
fat mass. Moreover, the change of HOMA-IR was tightly correlated with the
change in TG. Surprisingly, the change of adipocyte volume during follow
up was not correlated with WR nor with other factors, but
positive correlations between adipocyte volume and HOMA-IR were found at
the beginning and end of the follow up. Conclusions: These
results suggest that TG and IL6 are independently linked to WR
via separate mechanisms, and that HOMA-IR and adipocyte
volume may indirectly link to WR through the
change of plasma TG.