2022年中国区域哨兵二号遥感影像（Sentinel-2）

哨兵2号（Sentinel-2）是欧洲空间局哥白尼计划下的一个地球观测任务，该任务主要对地球表面进行观测以提供相关遥测服务，例如森林监测、土地覆盖变化侦测、天然灾害管理。该计划是由2颗相同的卫星哨兵2号A（Sentinel-2A） 与B（Sentinel-2B）组成的卫星群。
哨兵2号任务可进行以下拍摄：
13个波段的多光谱影像拍摄，光谱范围涵盖可见光、近红外线（NIR）与短波红外线（SWIR）。
系统性的全球陆地拍摄，可拍摄 56° S 至 84° N 区域、海岸水体拍摄、以及地中海全区域。
相同视角的情形下同一区域可每5日拍摄一次。高纬度区域不限视角可短于5日内。
可提供空间分辨率10、20和60米影像。
影像幅宽290公里。
资料免费开放给所有对象。
为了能在短时间内重复拍摄同一区域，和高任务可用性，哨兵2号任务包含了两颗同时运作的相同卫星哨兵2号A（Sentinel-2A） 与B（Sentinel-2B）。轨道为高度786公里的太阳同步轨道，每日可环绕地球14.3次，并且每次通过降交点时，对应的地面区域当地时间为10:30 a.m.。会选择这个时间进行拍摄的原因是尽量将云层覆盖率降到最低与适当的太阳照射光度的妥协。这个时间相当接近陆地卫星计划（Landsat）所属卫星的拍摄时间，并与SPOT卫星拍摄时间相同，让相关研究人员可结合哨兵2号与其他卫星历史影像进行长时间的地表变迁追踪。
从可见光和近红外到短波红外，具有不同的空间分辨率，在光学数据中，哨兵-2号数据是唯一一个在红边范围含有三个波段的数据，这对监测植被健康信息非常有效。
一颗卫星重返周期为10天，两颗互补，重复周期为5天。

Sentinel-2 is an Earth observation mission under the Copernicus Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). This mission primarily conducts Earth surface observations to provide relevant telemetry services, including forest monitoring, land cover change detection, and natural disaster management. The mission comprises a satellite constellation formed by two identical satellites: Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B.

The Sentinel-2 mission supports the following imaging capabilities:
1. Multispectral imaging across 13 spectral bands, covering visible, near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral ranges.
2. Systematic global land imaging, covering regions from 56° S to 84° N, coastal water imaging, and the entire Mediterranean region.
3. A 5-day revisit cycle for the same area under the same viewing angle; for high-latitude regions, the revisit period can be shorter than 5 days without viewing angle restrictions.
4. Imagery with spatial resolutions of 10 m, 20 m and 60 m.
5. An image swath width of 290 km.
6. All data is freely available to all users.

To enable short-term revisit of the same area and ensure high mission availability, the Sentinel-2 mission operates two identical satellites, Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B, simultaneously. Their orbit is a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 786 km, circling the Earth 14.3 times per day. When passing the descending node, the local time over the corresponding ground area is 10:30 a.m. This time is chosen as a compromise between minimizing cloud cover and securing adequate solar illumination. This timing is very close to that of satellites under the Landsat Program and matches the imaging time of SPOT satellites, enabling relevant researchers to combine Sentinel-2 data with historical imagery from other satellites for long-term surface change tracking.

With different spatial resolutions ranging from visible and near-infrared to short-wave infrared, Sentinel-2 data is the only optical remote sensing dataset that includes three bands in the red edge range, which is highly effective for monitoring vegetation health information.

The revisit period of a single satellite is 10 days; with the two satellites complementing each other, the combined revisit cycle is 5 days.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是2022年中国区域的哨兵二号（Sentinel-2）遥感影像，时间范围为2022年3月至9月，空间分辨率为10米，属于多光谱栅格数据。Sentinel-2卫星提供13个波段的光学影像，覆盖可见光、近红外和短波红外光谱，适用于植被健康监测、土地覆盖变化检测等应用；其重访周期为5天，支持高频次观测，数据免费开放但需离线申请获取。