Data from: Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea)

Tapeworms of the genus Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso,
2001 are found in both marine and Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the
family Potamotrygonidae. The patterns of host association within the genus
support the most recent hypothesis about the history of diversification of
potamotrygonids, which suggests that the ancestor of freshwater lineages
of the Potamotrygonidae colonized South American river systems through
marine incursion events. Despite the relevance of the genus Anindobothrium
to understand the history of colonization and diversification of
potamotrygonids, no additional efforts were done to better investigate the
phylogenetic relationship of this taxon with other lineages of cestodes
since its erection. This study is a result of recent collecting efforts to
sample members of the genus in marine and freshwater potamotrygonids that
enabled the most extensive documentation of the fauna of Anindobothrium
parasitizing species of Styracura de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva,
Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, P. orbignyi (Castelnau) and P.
yepezi Castex & Castello from six different countries,
representing the eastern Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and river basins in
South America (Rio Negro, Orinoco, and Maracaibo). The newly collected
material provided additional specimens for morphological studies and
molecular samples for subsequent phylogenetic analyses that allowed us to
address the phylogenetic position of Anindobothrium and provide molecular
and morphological evidence to recognize two additional species for the
genus. The taxonomic actions that followed our analyses included the
proposition of a new family, Anindobothriidae fam. n., to accommodate the
genus Anindobothrium in the order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen,
Webster & Littlewood, 2009 and the description of two new species
— one from the eastern Pacific Ocean, A. carrioni sp. n., and the other
from the Caribbean Sea, A. inexpectatum sp. n. In addition, we also
present a redescription of the type species of the genus, A. anacolum
(Brooks, 1977) Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001, and of A. lisae
Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001. We also discuss the
paleogeographical events mostly linked with the diversification of the
genus and the protocols adopted to uncover cryptic diversity in
Anindobothrium.