Weak sperm differentiation in Darwin's finches

The submission contains data sets from a study of sperm evolution in eight species of Darwin's finches from two islands in the Galapagos archipelago. The data sets comprise morphological measurements, sperm size measurements, and genome-wide Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphisms (SNPs). The morphological measurements were used for species confirmation. Sperm size differentiation was analysed in a phylogenetic context where a time-calibrated phylogeny for the species were constructed based on SNP data. The sperm size data were also used to infer the frequency of extrapair paternity. The results indicate that sperm size evolves much more slowly than beak and body size in this radiation, and similar to other songbirds with moderate-to-low levels of extrapair paternity. 
, The field work was carried out in March 2023 on the islands of San Cristobal and Santa Cruz. A total of 106 male birds were sampled for blood and sperm, of which 101 had detectable sperm. Sperm samples were collected by cloacal massage. All birds were released unharmed after sampling and measurements of their wing length and beak dimensions. Sperm samples were fixed in formalin and later photographed at 320x by bright-field microscopy for measurements (10 sperm cells per male). Mean total sperm length per male was used to calculate mean and SD for the populations and pairwise divergences using Hedges' g (Hedges 1981).
A total of 50 blood samples were extracted for DNA and sequenced on the Illumina Novaseq platform (150 bp, paired end). In addition, we downloaded 14 genomes from the sequence-read archive of NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) that originated from San Cristobal (Rubin et al. 2022). After genome assembly and SNP calling, using a high quality Camarhynchus parvulus genom..., # Data from: Weak sperm differentiation in Darwin's finches

List of data files and the associated scripts that were used in the statistical tests and result presentations in the paper \"Weak sperm differentiation in Darwin's finches\".

## **Data files**

**Morphometrics.txt**: Data file for the measurements of wing length and beak dimensions of Darwin's finches.

  *Species*: species epithet (suffix \"_L\" and \"_Z\" indicate island population, resp. \"San Cristobal\" and \"Santa Cruz\")

  *Island*: Name of island (in Galápagos archipelago)

  *AccNo*: Accession number (in the DNA bank of Natural History Museum, University of Oslo) that links all data for an individual

  *Wing_length*: Wing length (mm)

  *Beak_length*: Beak length (from skull) (mm)

  *Beak_height*: Beak height (at nostrils) (mm)

  *Beak_width*: Beak width (at nostrils) (mm)

**Sperm_lengths.txt**: Data file for the sperm measurements of Darwin's finches.

  *Genus*: Genus epithet

  *Species*: Species epithet

  *Island*: ...,