ORCHIDEE-CNP simulations for the ICONICA sites.

These data are simulation results generated using the ORCHIDEE-CNP model (version: SVN r7744) for the ICONICA project sites (https://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/orchidee/wiki/GroupActivities/CodeAvalaibilityPublication/ORCHIDEE_CN-P-MIMICS_7301). The dataset includes simulations for three European grassland research sites located in Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Detailed information about the Irish site is available in Sheil et al. (2016) and Tunney et al. (2009), while the Swedish site is described in Simonsson et al. (2018).

For each site, simulations were conducted under four phosphorus (P) addition levels:

No P addition (no P addition) 

Low P addition (2.5 g m⁻² yr⁻¹)

Medium P addition (5.0 g m⁻² yr⁻¹)

High P addition (10.0 g m⁻² yr⁻¹)

Simulated variables include:

Year average  Yield: Yield (g C/m²/day)

Year average SOC: Soil Organic Carbon (g C/m²)

Year average  CO₂: Soil CO₂ Emission (g C/m²/day)

Year average SOP: Soil Organic P (g/m²)

Year average LAP: Soil Labile P (g/m²)

Daily average N₂O emissions: N₂O Emission (g N₂O-N/m²/day)

The data set covers the period  1968 to 2020, with the exception of daily N₂O emissions, which covers the period 2016 to 2020.

Simulation Setup:

The simulation setup accounts for the effect of changing climate and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on the biogeochemical cycles since 1900 assuming constant present day land use. Atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus addition was set to reconstructions for the year 1990 and kept constant throughout the simulations. The forcing data was used from the 10th installment of the Trendy model intercomparison for the Global Carbon Budget update for 2019 (Friedlingstein et al. 2020). Site-level meteorological data (6 hourly temperature, precipitation, radiation, humidity, and wind speed) and atmospheric nutrient deposition were used as forcing inputs and extracted from global reconstruction based on the site locations. 

Spin-up phase: A spin-up simulation (3000 years) was conducted using recycled climate data until carbon and nutrient pools reached a steady state.

Transient phase: Historical transient simulations were performed from 1901 to 2020 using site-specific reconstructed climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. 

Phosphorus treatments: Dedicated simulation restarting from the transient phase simulation of the year of the onset of phosphorus trials were conducted for each of the phosphorus treatments at each site by prescribing constant phosphorus inputs.

Model Version:

Simulations were conducted using the ORCHIDEE-CNP model, version SVN r7744  (Goll et al 2021).

Acknowledgements:

This dataset was produced as part of the ICONICA project. We acknowledge the support from partner institutions and collaborators at the ICONICA experimental sites.

References:

Friedlingstein, P., et al., 2020. Global Carbon Budget 2020. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12, 3269–3340. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020

Goll, D.S., et al., 2023. Atmospheric phosphorus deposition amplifies carbon sinks in simulations of a tropical forest in Central Africa. New Phytol. 237, 2054–2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18535

Sheil, T.S., Wall, D.P., Culleton, N., Murphy, J., Grant, J., Lalor, S.T.J., 2016. Long-term effects of phosphorus fertilizer on soil test phosphorus, phosphorus uptake and yield of perennial ryegrass. J. Agric. Sci. 154, 1068–1081. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859615001100

Simonsson, M., Östlund, A., Renfjäll, L., Sigtryggsson, C., Börjesson, G., Kätterer, T., 2018. Pools and solubility of soil phosphorus as affected by liming in long-term agricultural field experiments. Geoderma 315, 208–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.019

Tunney, H., Stojanović, M., Mrdaković Popić, J., McGrath, D., Zhang, C., 2009. Relationship of soil phosphorus with uranium in grassland mineral soils in Ireland using soils from a long‐term phosphorus experiment and a National Soil Database. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 172, 346–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200800069