National Neighborhood Data Archive: Standardized Area Deprivation Index (ADI) by Census Block Group, United States, 2015, 2020 and 2022

This dataset recreates three releases (2015, 2020, and 2022) of The Neighborhood Atlas team’s Area Deprivation Index (ADI) using standardized components. The ADI is a measure that aims to quantify the socioeconomic conditions of census block groups (sometimes used to approximate neighborhoods), originally based on 1990 census tract data and factor loadings. The Neighborhood Atlas team at the University of Wisconsin adapted the ADI to block groups and more recent data, imputing missing data using tract- and county-level data.<br><br>However, unlike the original index construction method, The Neighborhood Atlas team did not adjust (standardize) individual components before combining them into an overall score. This approach resulted in individual index components measured in dollars, such as income and home value, being overly influential in the final score. This dataset corrects for that by standardizing these components before aggregating, offering a more multi-dimensional view of socioeconomic conditions. The standardized ADI dataset provides continuous rankings for block groups nationwide and decile rankings for block groups within each state.本数据集基于标准化指标组分，复刻了社区图谱团队发布的三版区域剥夺指数（Area Deprivation Index，ADI），对应年份为2015年、2020年与2022年。区域剥夺指数是用于量化普查区块组（census block groups，常被用于近似社区）社会经济状况的指标，其最初基于1990年普查小区（census tract）数据与因子载荷构建。威斯康星大学社区图谱团队将该指数适配至普查区块组，并更新至最新年份的数据，同时利用普查小区级与县级数据完成缺失值插补。<br><br>不过，与原始指数的构建方法不同，该团队在将各组分整合为总得分前，并未对单个指标组分进行标准化处理。这一操作使得以美元为单位计量的组分（如收入、房屋价值）在最终得分中影响力过大。本数据集通过在聚合前对这些组分进行标准化，修正了这一缺陷，从而能够更全面地呈现社会经济状况。标准化后的ADI数据集可为全国范围内的普查区块组提供连续排名，并为各州内的普查区块组提供十分位排名。