Values are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated.aPatients were randomised 2:2:1 to the tiotropium Respimat 5 μg, tiotropium Respimat 2.5 μg and placebo Respimat groups, respectively.bCalc
*included 49 endocrine, 35 eye and plastic, and 29 breast surgery.SD, standard deviation; CHF, congestive heart failure; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.Baseline characteristics (n = 2,059)
