Emission inventory of air pollutants and chemical speciation for detailed anthropogenic sources based on local measurements in the Yangtze River Delta region, China

In this study,<b> </b>a high-resolution air pollutant emission inventory for the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region was updated for 2017 using emission factors and chemical speciation based mainly on local measurements. The inventory included 424 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and 43 particulate matter species (PM_2.5) from 259 specific sources. The total emissions of SO₂, NO<i>_x</i>, CO, NMVOCs, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NH₃ in the YRD region in 2017 were 1,552, 3,235, 38,507, 4,875, 3,770, 1,597, and 2,467 Gg respectively. SO₂ and CO emissions were mainly from boilers, accounting for 49% and 73% of the total. Mobile sources dominated NO<i>_x</i> emissions contributing 57% to the total. NMVOC emissions, mainly from industrial sources, made up 61% of the total. Dust sources accounted for 55% and 28% of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emissions respectively. Agricultural sources accounted for 91% of NH₃ emissions. Major PM_2.5 species were OC, Ca, Si, PSO₄ and EC, accounting for 9.0%, 7.0%, 6.4%, 4.6% and 4.3% of total PM_2.5 emissions respectively. The main species of NMVOCs were aromatic hydrocarbons, making up 25.3% of the total. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds contributed 21.9% to the total NMVOC emissions. Toluene had the highest comprehensive contribution to ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potentials, while other NMVOC included 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, propylene, ethene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene. Industrial process and solvent use sources were the main sources of O₃ and SOA formation potential, followed by motor vehicles. Among industrial sources, chemical manufacturing, rubber &amp; plastic manufacturing, appliance manufacturing and textile made significant contributions. This emission inventory should provide scientific guidance for future control of air pollutants in the YRD region of China.

本研究主要基于本地化实测的排放因子与化学组分特征，更新了长江三角洲（Yangtze River Delta，YRD）区域2017年高分辨率大气污染物排放清单。该清单涵盖了259类特定排放源所排放的424种非甲烷挥发性有机物（NMVOC）以及43种PM₂.₅颗粒物组分。2017年YRD区域SO₂、NOₓ、CO、NMVOCs、PM₁₀、PM₂.₅与NH₃的总排放量分别为1552、3235、38507、4875、3770、1597与2467 Gg。SO₂与CO排放主要来自锅炉，分别占总排放量的49%与73%。移动源为NOₓ排放的主要贡献源，占总排放量的57%。非甲烷挥发性有机物排放主要来自工业源，占总排放量的61%。扬尘源分别贡献了PM₁₀与PM₂.₅总排放量的55%与28%。农业源贡献了NH₃总排放量的91%。PM₂.₅的主要组分包括有机碳（OC）、钙（Ca）、硅（Si）、PSO₄与元素碳（EC），分别占PM₂.₅总排放量的9.0%、7.0%、6.4%、4.6%与4.3%。非甲烷挥发性有机物的主要组分为芳香烃，占总排放量的25.3%。含氧挥发性有机物占非甲烷挥发性有机物总排放量的21.9%。甲苯对臭氧（O₃）与二次有机气溶胶（SOA）生成潜势的综合贡献最高，其余关键非甲烷挥发性有机物包括1,2,4-三甲基苯、间/对二甲苯、丙烯、乙烯、邻二甲苯与乙苯。工业过程与溶剂使用源是臭氧与二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的主要贡献源，其次为机动车排放源。在工业源中，化工制造、橡胶与塑料制造、家电制造与纺织行业贡献显著。本排放清单可为中国长江三角洲区域未来大气污染物防控工作提供科学指导。