Nanobiofertilizants of B and Fe

Nanofertilization is postulated as a new technology to deal with the
environmental problems caused by the intensive use of traditional
fertilizers. One of the aims of this new technology is to improve foliar
fertilization, which has many environmental advantages but currently there
are numerous factors that limit its efficiency. In this research, the
objective was to study the potential of membrane vesicles derived from
plant material as nanofertilizers of iron (Fe) and boron (B) for foliar
application in almond trees (Prunus dulcis L.). The results show that the
application of vesicles caused invaginations in the plasma membrane of the
leaf cells. Also, the increase in leaf B and Fe was greater when these
elements were applied in an encapsulated form rather than in a
non-encapsulated form. The distribution of these elements in leaf tissues
indicated the existence of an intracellular element transport pathway and
accumulation areas providing greater element entrance and mobility.