Mean ± SE 3–0-β-cellobiosylhederagenin (saponin 1) and 3–0-β-cellobiosyloleanolic acid (saponin 2) in cotyledons and true leaves in plants of B. rupicola, B. verna, G-type B. vulgaris var. arcuata, NAS-type B. vulgaris, and B. vulgaris var. arcuata.

Traces of saponin 2 (less than 0.01 µmol/g plant fresh weight) were also detected in B. verna.For true leaves, the largest true leaf of each plant was taken. For each plant and leaf type and treatment: n = 10 for G-type B.vulgaris and B. verna, n = 13 for NAS-type B. vulgaris, and n = 5 for B. rupicola and B. vulgaris variegata. Saponin concentrations given as µmol/g of leaf fresh weight for G-type B. vulgaris var. arcuata and B. verna and as peak areas for the signal of the molecular ion in the negative-ion mass spectrum [M-H]−/mg of leaf fresh weight for B. rupicola, NAS-type B. vulgaris, and B. vulgaris var. arcuata. Analyses were also conducted with P-type B. vulgaris var. arcuata, which did not have any saponins 1 and 2.