HEPATIC CHANGES IN DIABETES MELLITUS: HOW THE LIVER RESPONDS TO CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects almost every organ in the body, but the liver is one of the first and most sensitive targets. As the main regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, the liver undergoes a wide range of changes when insulin levels are reduced or when the body becomes resistant to insulin. These changes often develop quietly, yet they play a major role in the long-term complications seen in diabetic patients.