Predictor retinopaty in T2DM patients

<b>Background and aims</b>: Diabetic retinopathy is a long-term complication of diabetes that is the most common complication of diabetes which is the leading cause of vision loss. The objective of this study is to discover retinopathy predictors, early detection of risk factors, and improved problem management in patients with type 2 diabetes in Medan.<strong>Method:</strong> <strong>This analytic cross-sectional study included 89 patients (60 non-retinopathy and 29 retinopathy patients). An indirect funduscopic revealed the presence of DR. Blood analysis was used to assess blood Glucose level, HbA1C, Alipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, and Vitamin D levels. Urine analysis was used to determine albuminuria using the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Each predictor's link with DR was determined using bivariate analysis, the Independent t-test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. The logistic regression test was used for multivariate analysis (p&lt;0.05).</strong><b></b><strong>Result:</strong> The retinopathy predictive model revealed that BGL, TC, and ACR were strong predictors, whereas hypertension, LDL-C, and Triglycerides were weak predictors.<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Increased BGL, total cholesterol, and ACR are solid markers for the occurrence of DR complications, in that type 2 DM patients should be aware of these predictors. Education efforts and increasing patient independence need to be carried out continuously to prevent other advanced chronic complications.<b> </b>