Large and Medium Manufacturing and Electricity Industries Survey 2003-2004 (1996 E.C) - Ethiopia

Abstract
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The presence of adequate and current statistical data in various economic sectors that are considered essential for development planning, socio-economic policy formulation and economic analysis is vital in promoting the economic development of a country. Based on this general objective, the Central Statistical Authority (CSA) has been conducting surveys of various economic activities of which the annual Large and Medium Scale Manufacturing Industries survey is one.

Manufacturing is defined here according to International Standard Industrial Classification as "the physical or chemical transformation of materials or components into new products, whether the work is performed by power-driven machines or by hand, whether it is done in a factory or in the worker's home, and whether the products are sold at wholesale or retail. The assembly of the component parts of manufactured products is also considered as manufacturing activities."

In this survey attempt was made to update the directory using as source of information the licenses issued by the Ministry of Trade and Industry and corresponding bureaux of the Regional States of the country for the public and private establishments. In addition to this, directory was updated using lists obtained from house to house listing for the purpose of the 1994 E.F.Y (2001/2002) Small Scale Manufacturing Industries Survey. From this list all manufacturing establishments which engaged 10 persons and above were selected and included in the directory of large and medium scale manufacturing establishments.

The main objectives of the annual survey of Large and Medium Scale Manufacturing and Electricity Industries are to:
1. Obtain basic statistical data that are essential for policy makers, planners and researchers by major industrial group.
2. Collect basic quantitative information on employment, volume of quantitative information on employment, volume of production and raw materials, structure and performance of the country’s Large and Medium Scale Manufacturing and Electricity Industries.
3. Compile statistical data which will be an input to the System of National Accounts (SNA), on Large and Medium Scale Manufacturing and Electricity establishments as a whole and by major industrial group.
4. Obtain the number of proprietors engaged in these sectors and find out the major problems that create stumbling blocks for their activities.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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Establishment/ Enterprise

Universe
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The universe of the large and medium scale manufacturing survey is confined to those establishments which engaged 10 persons and above and use power-driven machines and covers both public and private industries in all Regions of the country.

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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Not applicable - the survey enumerated all manufacturing industries/ enterprises that qualified as large and medium manufacturing industry category.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questinnaire contains the following sections/ items:

Section 1.1 - Address of the establishments: This section has variables that identify the questionnaire uniquely. The variables are; Killil, Zone, Wereda, Town, Higher, Kebele, House no, Year, ISIC, Establishment number, Telephone number and P.O. Box codes or numbers.

Section 1.2 - Address of Head Office if different from Factory: In this section information about the factory head office is collected (if the factory is separated from the head office). The variables used to collect the information are; Killil, Zone, Wereda, Town, Higher, Kebele, House no, Telephone no and P.O. Box.

Section 2 - Basic Information about the establishment: This section has questions related to basic information about the establishment.

Section 3.1 - Number of Persons Engaged: This section has variables (questions) that used to collect establishment's employees number by employees occupation.

Section 3.2 - Wages and Salaries and Other Employee Benefits Paid: This section has variables related to wages and other employees' benefits by employee occupation.

Section 3.3 - Number of Permanent Employees by Basic Salary Group: This section has variables related to salary groups by sex of employees

Section 4.1 - Products and By-products: This section has questions related to product produced, produced quantity and sales.

Section 4.2 - Service and Other Receipts: Contains questions related to income from different source other than selling the products.

Section 5 - Value of Stocks: Contains questions that related to information about materials in the stock.

Section 6.1 - Cost and Quantity of Raw Materials, Parts and Containers Used: This section has questions related to principal raw materials, raw material type, quantity, value and source (local or imported).

Section 6.2 - Other Industrial Costs: This section has questions related to other industrial costs including cost of energy and other expenses.

Section 6.3 - Other Non-industrial Expenses: Contains questions related to non-industrial expenses like license fee, advertising, stationary, etc.

Section 6.4 - Taxes Paid: This section has questions related to taxes like indirect tax and income tax.

Section 7.1 - Type and Value of Fixed Assets: This section has questions related to fixed assets of the establishment.

Section 7.2 - Annual Investment by Type and Source: This section has questions related to investment on fixed assets and working capitals.

Section 8.1 - Annual Production at Full Capacity: This section has questions about quantity and value of products if the establishment uses its full capacity.

Section 8.2 - Estimated Value and Quantity of Raw Materials Needed, at Full Capacity: This section has questions about the estimate of quantity and value of raw materials that needed to function at full capacity.

Section 8.3 - The percentage of the 1994 production as compared to the factory's production at full capacity

Section 8.4 - The three major problems that prevented the establishment from operating with full capacity.

Section 8.5 - Reason for lack of market if there is a problem of getting market.

Section 8.6 - About whether the factory made applied for a loan.

Section8.7 - Reason for not solving shortage of working capital if there is a shortage of working capital.

Section 8.8 - The three major problems that are facing the establishment at present.

Section 8.9 - Whether the factory faced problem during export.

Section 8.10 - Three major problems faced during export.

Cleaning operations
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Editing, Coding and Verification
A number of quality control steps were taken to ensure the quality of data. The first step taken in this direction was, to revise the questionnaire, to make it easier for internal consistency checking or editing, both at field and office level. Furthermore, based on this revised questionnaire, revised instruction manual with field editing procedures were prepared in Amharic for both enumerators and supervisors (field editors). Using this manual, some editing and coding were carried out by field editors during the data collection stage.

After the majority of the completed questionnaires were brought back to head office, final editing, coding and verification were performed by editors, statistical technicians and statisticians. Finally, the edited and coded questionnaires were checked and verified by other senior professionals.

Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation
The data were entered and verified on personal computers using CSpro (Census and Survey Processing System) Software. Twelve CSA data entry staff and one data cleaner participated in this activity for fifteen days with close supervision of the activities by two professionals. Then, the data entered were cleaned using personal computers in combination with manual cleaning for some serious errors. Finally, the tabulation of the results was processed using the same software by one programmer with technical assistance from Industry, Trade and Services Statistics Department staff.

摘要
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充足且最新的统计数据对于促进国家经济发展至关重要，这些数据被视为发展规划、社会经济政策制定和经济分析的基础。基于这一总体目标，国家统计局（CSA）一直致力于对各种经济活动进行调查，其中年度大中型制造业调查便是其中之一。
制造业在此定义为根据国际标准产业分类，‘材料或组件的物理或化学转换成新产品，不论工作是否由动力机械或手工完成，无论是在工厂还是工人的家中进行，以及产品是批发还是零售销售。制造产品的零部件组装也被视为制造业活动。’
在本调查中，尝试更新目录，信息来源包括贸易和工业部以及该国区域州政府颁发的许可证。此外，目录还利用了1994年E.F.Y（2001/2002）小型制造业调查的家户普查列表进行更新。从该列表中选取了雇佣10人以上的所有制造企业，并将其纳入大中型制造企业目录。
大中型制造业和电力行业年度调查的主要目标包括：
1. 通过主要工业集团收集对政策制定者、规划者和研究人员至关重要的基本统计数据。
2. 收集关于就业、生产量和原材料、国家大中型制造业和电力工业的结构和绩效的基本定量信息。
3. 编制关于大中型制造业和电力机构的统计数据，这些数据将作为国民核算体系（SNA）的输入，包括整个行业和主要工业集团。
4. 获取从事这些领域的业主数量，并找出阻碍其活动的主要问题。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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企业/企业单位
总体
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大中型制造业调查的总体局限于雇佣10人以上并使用动力机械的企业，涵盖该国所有地区的公共和私营行业。
数据类型
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人口普查/列举数据 [cen]
抽样程序
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不适用 - 调查列举了所有符合大中型制造业类别资格的制造业/企业。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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问卷包含以下部分/项目：
第一部分1.1 - 企业地址：本部分包含唯一标识问卷的变量。变量包括；Killil、Zone、Wereda、Town、Higher、Kebele、House no、Year、ISIC、企业编号、电话号码和P.O. Box代码或数字。
第一部分1.2 - 如工厂地址不同，总部地址：在本部分收集有关工厂总部信息（如果工厂与总部分离）。收集信息的变量是；Killil、Zone、Wereda、Town、Higher、Kebele、House no、电话号码和P.O. Box。
第二部分 - 关于企业的基本信息：本部分包含与关于企业基本信息相关的问题。
第三部分1.1 - 雇员人数：本部分包含用于收集企业员工数量的变量（问题），按员工职业进行分类。
第三部分1.2 - 支付的工资和薪金及其他员工福利：本部分包含与工资和其他员工福利相关的变量，按员工职业分类。
第三部分1.3 - 按基本工资组别划分的固定员工人数：本部分包含与按性别划分的工资组别相关的变量。
第四部分1.1 - 产品和副产品：本部分包含与生产的产品、生产数量和销售相关的问题。
第四部分1.2 - 服务和其他收入：包含关于除销售产品之外的收入来源的问题。
第五部分 - 库存价值：包含与库存材料信息相关的问题。
第六部分1.1 - 使用的主要原材料、零部件和容器的成本和数量：本部分包含关于主要原材料、原材料类型、数量、价值和来源（本地或进口）的问题。
第六部分1.2 - 其他工业成本：本部分包含关于其他工业成本的问题，包括能源成本和其他费用。
第六部分1.3 - 其他非工业费用：包含关于非工业费用的问题，如执照费、广告、文具等。
第六部分1.4 - 支付的税费：本部分包含关于间接税和所得税等问题。
第七部分1.1 - 固定资产的类型和价值：本部分包含关于企业固定资产的问题。
第七部分1.2 - 按类型和来源的年度投资：本部分包含关于固定资产和流动资本投资的问题。
第八部分1.1 - 在满负荷生产时的年度生产量：本部分包含关于如果企业使用其全部生产能力，产品的数量和价值的问题。
第八部分1.2 - 在满负荷生产时，所需原材料的估计价值和数量：本部分包含关于估计所需原材料的数量和价值以实现满负荷生产的问题。
第八部分1.3 - 1994年生产量与工厂满负荷生产量相比的百分比。
第八部分1.4 - 阻碍企业以满负荷运行的三项主要问题。
第八部分1.5 - 如果存在市场不足问题，市场不足的原因。
第八部分1.6 - 关于工厂是否申请了贷款。
第八部分1.7 - 如果存在流动资金短缺问题，未能解决流动资金短缺的原因。
第八部分1.8 - 企业目前面临的三项主要问题。
第八部分1.9 - 工厂在出口过程中是否遇到问题。
第八部分1.10 - 出口过程中面临的三项主要问题。
数据清理操作
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编辑、编码和验证
为了确保数据质量，采取了若干质量控制步骤。在此方向的第一步是修订问卷，使其便于在现场和办公室层面进行内部一致性检查或编辑。此外，根据修订后的问卷，为调查员和监督员（现场编辑）准备了修订后的指令手册，包括现场编辑程序，手册使用阿姆哈拉语。使用此手册，在数据收集阶段，现场编辑进行了一些编辑和编码。
在大多数完成后的问卷被带回总部后，编辑、编码和验证由编辑、统计技术员和统计学家执行。最后，由其他高级专业人员检查和验证了编辑和编码后的问卷。
数据录入、清理和制表
使用CSpro（人口普查和调查处理系统）软件在个人电脑上录入和验证数据。12名CSA数据录入人员和1名数据清理员参加了为期十五天的活动，由两名专业人员对活动进行严格监督。然后，使用个人电脑结合手工清理一些严重错误，对录入的数据进行清理。最后，由一名程序员使用同一软件处理结果制表，并得到行业、贸易和服务统计部门人员的技术协助。