Whole exome sequences of the primary and metastatic colon cancer. Homo sapiens

Tumor-derived organoids were established from the primary colon cancer (C85) and from two independent liver metastatic tumors (LiC86 and LiC87) from the same Japanese patient (84 yeas old male, stage IV). The goal of this study is to examine variations in genetic heterogeneity between the primary and metastatic colon cancer. Mutations in CTNNB1, KRAS, and FGFR4 are enriched in both primary and liver metastatic cancer, while PIC3CA mutation was found only in the primary cancer.