Medical graduatesa from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the United States, and elsewhere in the December 2013 American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile.

Note:a Include only active and semi-retired physicians (i.e., physicians working less than 20 hours a week)—about 6.5% (62,507) of active and semi-retired physicians in the 2013 AMA Masterfile were >70 years old.b We did not detail the proportions of SSA-born vs. non-SSA-born SSA-IMGs because over two thirds of SSA-IMGs found in the AMA Masterfile do not report their birth countries [4], [7]. However, in our previous analysis of the 2011 AMA Masterfile [7], we reported that ≈16% of SSA-IMGs with complete birth country data were born in the US and in other non-SSA nations. Although we did not perform a systematic analysis of their surnames, we suspect that the majority of SSA-IMGs among this small minority of foreign-born are offspring of African immigrants who were living abroad at the time of their children’s birth, and returned to their countries of origin to raise them.c US IMGs, Citizens of the US who graduated from non-US medical schools.d Other IMGs include non-SSA IMGs, non-US IMGs, and all IMGs with missing birth country data. Some SSA-born physicians educated outside SSA and outside the US but with missing birth country data may be in this group. It is also possible that there are some US IMGs with missing birth country data in this group.e Other USMGs include all non-SSA foreign-born physicians graduated from US medical schools, and all potential USMGs with missing birth country data. Some SSA-born USMGs with missing birth country data may be in this group.Data source: Redi-Med Data Interactive Medical Database System [51].Medical graduatesa from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the United States, and elsewhere in the December 2013 American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile.