D5.2 Exposure modelling results - Estonia base case

Results of the baseline air quality simulation produced for the region of Estonia and the year 2019. The dataset includes NetCDF-4 files with gridded annual mean concentrations for NO2, O3, SO2, total PM2.5 and all individual PM2.5 components (black carbon, bc; ammonium, nh4; nitrates, no3; organic carbon, oc; primary PM2.5, ppm25; sulfates, so4; sea salt, ss) in ug/m3 and at a 1kmx1km resolution for the year 2019. The results were produced using the SILAM model version 5.9 (Sofiev et al., 2015), which is a global to mesoscale chemical transport model developed and extensively evaluated at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). The model setup, along with pollutants dispersion, accounts for both organic and inorganic chemical reactions in the atmosphere, including secondary organic aerosols, linear chemistry for SO2 and SO4, and aerosol dynamics. For gas-phase chemistry and SOA formation, SILAM v5.9 uses the Carbon Bond 2005 chemical mechanism (CB05). For aerosol dynamics including SOA, a Volatility Basis Set (VBS) approach is used. The SILAM setup uses an inner nested domain covering Estonia with a 0.009deg x 0.018deg resolution (lat x lon) corresponding to a 1 km x 1 km grid cell. 11 vertical model levels are used for this setup. The parent domain extends to parts of neighboring countries with a 0.1 deg x 0.1 deg resolution. The chemical boundary conditions for the parent domain originate from archived SILAM forecasts for Europe (0.1 deg x 0.1 deg resolution). The meteorology used originates from ERA5 reanalysis interpolated internally in SILAM to the simulation grid. For emissions, SILAM uses the fine resolution (1 km x 1 km) emission database KOTKAS for emissions inside Estonia. These are official emissions from the Estonian air emission inventory. Available are the emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3 and CO. All other emissions both inside (PM2.5 precursors, NMVOC) and outside Estonia are from CAMS-REG-AP-v5.1-Ref2.0.1 database (Kuenen et al., 2022) for the European domain combined with GNFR_G international shipping emissions from CAMS-REG. The final model output was saved for the components relevant for the health assessment model used in MARCHES, in a format following a common protocol.