Subnational ideology and presidential vote estimates (v2022)

We provide new estimates of the ideological preferences and presidential voting behavior of Americans at the local level. We combine estimates of the ideology of about one million Americans based on 18 large-scale surveys between 2006-2021 with recent advances in opinion estimation to estimate the preferences of zipcode tabulation areas, states, counties, cities, subcounty units, school districts, congressional districts, and state legislative districts. We also aggregate presidential voting behavior to the level of these geographic units. These new estimates enable scholars to examine representation at a variety of geographic levels.