California grid electrical energy storage requirements for select renewables integration and fleet electrification scenarios

Significant electrification of the transportation sector is necessary for the State to achieve several important greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and renewable energy targets. The State’s electricity generation and transmission capabilities must increase in order to meet the demand generated by increasing levels of fleet electrification. The increased demand, combined with the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) targets will require significantly increased energy storage capabilities that can accommodate demand while integrating renewable power sources into the grid. This project evaluated the mid to long-term energy storage needs of the electric grid for select fleet electrification scenarios. The analysis was conducted using Resolve, a power systems planning model, for RPS targets of 60% and 80% by 2030 and 2042 respectively. The results show that Electrical Energy Storage (EES) capacity requirements depend on a number of parameters, including Demand Response (DR), Electric Vehicle (EV) charging flexibility, and total EV population. The EES requirements for the 60% RPS scenarios range from 3.9 to 4.3 GW while for the 80% RPS scenarios, the range is from 18.5 to 20.4 GW.

对于国家实现多项重要的温室气体（GHG）减排和可再生能源目标，交通领域的显著电气化至关重要。为满足不断增长的车辆电气化水平所引发的电力需求，国家在电力生产和输送方面的能力必须得到提升。这种增长的需求，结合可再生能源组合标准（RPS）的目标，将显著增加对能量存储能力的需求，以适应需求并整合可再生能源进入电网。本项目评估了针对特定车队电气化场景的电网中到中长期的能量存储需求。分析采用Resolve电力系统规划模型进行，针对2030年和2042年的RPS目标分别为60%和80%。结果显示，电气能量存储（EES）容量需求取决于多个参数，包括需求响应（DR）、电动汽车（EV）充电灵活性以及电动汽车总体数量。60% RPS场景下的EES需求范围为3.9至4.3吉瓦，而80% RPS场景下的需求范围为18.5至20.4吉瓦。