Enterprise Survey 2015 - Solomon Islands

Abstract
---------------------------

This survey was conducted in Solomon Islands between September 2015 and May 2016, as part of the Enterprise Survey project, an initiative of the World Bank. The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. Only registered businesses are surveyed in the Enterprise Survey.

Data from 151 establishments was analyzed. Stratified random sampling was used to select the surveyed businesses. The data was collected using face-to-face interviews.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country's business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

Honiara

Analysis unit
---------------------------

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
---------------------------

The whole population, or universe of the study, is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the group classification of ISIC Revision 3.1: (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

The sample was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified as manufacturing industries and services industries- Manufacturing (ISIC codes 15-37), and Services (ISIC codes 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72).

For the Solomon Islands ES, size stratification was defined as follows: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (100 or more employees).

Regional stratification for the Solomon Islands ES was done based on one region: Honiara.

The sample frame consisted of listings of firms obtained from Company Haus.

The quality of the frame was enhanced by the verification process conducted by Mekong Economics. However, the sample frame was not immune from the typical problems found in establishment surveys: positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 2.1% (5 out 243 of establishments).

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
---------------------------

The structure of the data base reflects the fact that two different versions of the survey instrument were used for all registered establishments. Questionnaires have common questions (core module) and respectfully additional manufacturing- and services-specific questions. The eligible manufacturing industries have been surveyed using the Manufacturing questionnaire (includes the core module, plus manufacturing specific questions). Retail firms have been interviewed using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module plus retail specific questions) and the residual eligible services have been covered using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module). Each variation of the questionnaire is identified by the index variable, a0.

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
---------------------------

Survey non-response must be differentiated from item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Enterprise Surveys suffer from both problems and different strategies were used to address these issues.

Item non-response was addressed by two strategies:
a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect "Refusal to respond" (-8) as a different option from "Don't know" (-9).
b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary.

Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interview. Attempts were made to contact the establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (with similar strata characteristics) was suggested for interview. Survey non-response did occur but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve strata-specific goals.

The number of interviews per contacted establishments was 0.62. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The number of rejections per contact was 0.09.

摘要
---------------------------
本调查于2015年9月至2016年5月在所罗门群岛进行，作为世界银行企业调查项目的一部分。调查的目的是收集企业对私营部门的反馈，并有助于构建企业数据面板，以便能够追踪商业环境随时间的变化，从而允许进行例如改革影响的评估。通过采访制造业和服务业的企业，本调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了具有统计显著性的、跨国家可比的商业环境指标。
在企业调查中，仅对注册企业进行调查。
数据来自151个机构。采用了分层随机抽样方法选择受访企业。数据通过面对面访谈进行收集。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对阻碍企业增长和绩效的看法。
地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
霍尼亚拉
分析单元
---------------------------
本研究的主要抽样单元是机构。机构是指从事商业活动并发生工业运营或提供服务的地方。一个公司可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一个啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销机构。在本调查的目的上，一个机构必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与其公司财务报表分开的财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
---------------------------
本研究的总体，即整个研究范围，是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1的分组分类的所有制造业部门（组D）、建筑业部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和H）以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此定义排除了以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT，该子部门被纳入研究总体之外），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
---------------------------
样本是通过分层随机抽样选择的。在本国使用了三个分层级别：行业、机构规模和地区。
行业分层设计如下：总体被分为制造业和服务业——制造业（ISIC代码15-37）和服务业（ISIC代码45、50-52、55、60-64和72）。
对于所罗门群岛的企业调查，规模分层定义为以下内容：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（100名员工以上）。
所罗门群岛企业调查的区域分层基于一个地区：霍尼亚拉。
样本框架由从公司之家获得的企业列表组成。
通过湄公河经济公司进行的验证过程提高了样本框架的质量。然而，样本框架并非没有在机构调查中发现的典型问题：非合格单位的确认率、重复、不存在单位等。
考虑到样本总体中包含的非合格单位可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察值的适当权重时可能需要进行调整。已确认的非合格单位占接触到的调查机构总数的2.1%（243个机构中的5个）。
数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
---------------------------
数据库的结构反映了为所有注册机构使用了两种不同的调查工具版本的事实。问卷包含共同问题（核心模块）以及分别的制造业和服务业特定问题。合格的制造业行业已使用制造业问卷（包括核心模块以及特定于制造业的问题）进行调查。零售公司已通过服务业问卷（包括核心模块以及特定于零售的问题）进行采访，其余合格的服务业则使用服务业问卷（包括核心模块）进行调查。每个问卷变体都由索引变量a0识别。
数据清洗操作
---------------------------
数据录入和质量控制由承包商实施，数据以批量形式（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付给世界银行。这些数据交付将进行逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目的检查。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重访机构进行纠正。
应答率
---------------------------
调查非应答必须与项目非应答区分开来。前者指的是完全拒绝参与调查，而后者指的是拒绝回答某些特定问题。企业调查遭受了这两个问题，并使用了不同的策略来解决这些问题。
针对项目非应答采取了两种策略：
a- 对于可能引起受访者负面反应的敏感问题，例如腐败或逃税，调查员被指示将“拒绝回答”(-8)作为一个与“不知道”(-9)不同的选项收集。
b- 不完整信息的企业在必要时会重新联系以完成这些信息。
针对调查非应答的策略是通过最大化联系最初选定的采访机构来进行的。在建议替换机构（具有相似分层特征）进行采访之前，会尝试在周的不同时间/日子联系机构进行采访。调查非应答确实发生了，但进行了替换，以试图实现分层特定目标。
每个接触到的机构的采访次数为0.62。这个数字是两个因素的结果：明确拒绝参与调查，如反映在拒绝率（包括筛选器和主要调查的拒绝）中，以及样本框架的质量，如由不合格单位的出现所代表。每个接触的拒绝次数为0.09。